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App\Entity\MediaTranslation {#1385 -id: 5312 -title: "Mid-ocean ridge" -description: """ <p>This animation illustrates in a <strong>very simplified</strong> manner, the rising of magma at the mid-oceanic ridge level and the creation of oceanic crust. A ridge is a zone of divergence where two plates separate from each other.</p>\r\n \r\n <p>Geologists distinguish two types of divergence:</p>\r\n \r\n <ul>\r\n \t<li>Fast ridges which separate more than 10 cm per year (between 12 and 17 cm per year for the Pacific Ocean ridges).</li>\r\n \t<li>Slow ridges which separate less than 5 cm per year (about 2.5 cm per year for the Atlantic ridge).</li>\r\n </ul>\r\n \r\n <p>The topography of the ridge strongly depends on this speed.</p>\r\n \r\n <p><em>Note:</em> The rolling carpet model presented in this animation can lead you to believe that the rising of magma in the centre is the cause of the separation of plates. This is not the case. Geological models actually show that the deep convection currents, situated in the mantle would be the cause of a drifting movement of plates on a large scale. The ridge, like subduction, would therefore be a consequence of continental drift.</p>\r\n \r\n <p>Note that the plate tectonic theory is a young theory, announced in 1967, and is always evolving.</p> """ -legends: """ Fracture Zone (inactive)\r\n Transformation Fault (active)\r\n Rising magma\r\n Oceanic crust\r\n Upper mantel\r\n Ocean """ -goals: """ <ul>\r\n \t<li>Illustrate how the ocean floor forms.</li>\r\n \t<li>Define transformation fault and a diverging frontier</li>\r\n \t<li>Replace this animation in a more general setting of plate tectonics and continental drift</li>\r\n </ul> """ -more: """ <p>An expedition in 1872 looking where to put a telegraphic cable between Europe and America mentions the existence of a sub-marine relief in the middle of the Atlantic.</p>\r\n \r\n <p>Between 1950 and 1960, bathymetric measurements (measurements of ocean depth) confirmed the presence of a large sub-marine mountain range in the middle of the Atlantic and at the bottom of all the oceans. This "<strong>oceanic ridge</strong>" spans more than 16,000 km in the case of the Atlantic, compared to 7000 km of the longest known mountain chain: the Andes in South America.</p>\r\n \r\n <p>We now know that an oceanic ridge constitutes the limit between two <strong>diverging lithospheric plates</strong>. These are volcanic zones with a lot of seismic activity. Between two plates, the rising of magma crystalizes upon contact with cold water and forms a new <strong>oceanic crust</strong>. The more remote the ridge, the more ancient the rock.</p>\r\n \r\n <p>An oceanic ridge is not the result of one process. It results from a succession of segments of length between 10 km and 100 km. These segments are not aligned. They slide relative to each other over the length of the transformation faults. This zone is the stage for many <strong>earthquakes</strong>.</p>\r\n \r\n <p>The "rolling carpet" effect illustrated in this animation is very simplified. Also, the creation of oceanic crust is not the cause of plate separation. Geologists insist on the fact that deep convection cycles cause plate divergence on a large scale. According to this model, the oceanic crust is produced at the <strong>ridge</strong> level and disappears sinking into the asthenosphere at the level of the <strong>subduction </strong>zones.</p> """ -scenario: null -features: null -publishedAt: DateTimeImmutable @1431302400 {#1382 : 2015-05-11 00:00:00.0 UTC (+00:00) } -preventIndexForSearch: false #locale: "en" #translatable: App\Entity\Media {#1308 …} #status: "published" #createdAt: DateTime @1287180000 {#1383 : 2010-10-15 22:00:00.0 UTC (+00:00) } #updatedAt: DateTime @1727484738 {#1384 : 2024-09-28 00:52:18.0 UTC (+00:00) } } |
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[ 0 => "internal_api_media" "internal_api_media_options" => [ "withBaseNodeName" => true ] ] |
MediaTranslationNormalizer (519.69 ms) | 519.77 ms |
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