GET https://www.preprod-yousg3q-etbsswybjvlic.fr-3.platformsh.site/en/media/977-bridges-video

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App\Entity\MediaTranslation {#1373
  -id: 7142
  -title: "Bridges (Video)"
  -description: """
    <p>The Romans and the Chinese understood this well. To control their vast empire and defend it, it takes <strong>roads, </strong>to be able to move quickly, and <strong>bridges, </strong>to overcome obstacles.</p>\r\n
    \r\n
    <p>A simple stone slab makes it possible to straddle a short distance, but the weight of the rock imposes significant <strong>compression </strong>and <strong>tension</strong> forces in the top and bottom of the slab, respectively.</p>\r\n
    \r\n
    <p>For a span of more than 2m, the architects of antiquity developed arch bridges.</p>\r\n
    \r\n
    <p>Their characteristic shape makes it possible to distribute the weight from the center to the banks, where the abutments are located.</p>\r\n
    \r\n
    <p>To build such a bridge, a temporary wooden structure, called a &ldquo;falsework&rdquo;, is positioned at the exact location of the vault. Perfectly cut stone blocks are mounted along the form and on one another. The <strong>keystone</strong> is placed last to ensure the cohesion of the whole and the wooden form can be removed.</p>\r\n
    \r\n
    <p>Arch bridges are very strong because the stone handles compressive forces well. Especially when the space around the vault is densely filled.</p>\r\n
    \r\n
    <p>Many of these ancient works are still in use today.</p>\r\n
    \r\n
    <p>To cross great distances, it is possible to use multiple arches, but the many piers of the bridge then constitute an obstacle to navigation.</p>\r\n
    \r\n
    <p>It was not until the invention and mastery of new materials that new bridge structures could be built.</p>\r\n
    \r\n
    <p>At the time of the Industrial Revolution, iron and cast iron bridges appeared.</p>\r\n
    \r\n
    <p>But, these materials are too expensive on their own.</p>\r\n
    \r\n
    <p>With steel and concrete, civil engineers of the 19th and 20th centuries made major advances:</p>\r\n
    \r\n
    <p>Concrete piers are very resistant to compression.</p>\r\n
    \r\n
    <p>Steel cables are resistant to tension.</p>\r\n
    \r\n
    <p>It is thus possible to combine the advantages of these two materials by making reinforced concrete.</p>\r\n
    \r\n
    <p>With metal reinforcement it is now possible to make structures lighter and more robust.</p>\r\n
    \r\n
    <p>All of these materials technology innovations together with the power of computer-aided design make it possible to simulate and then build impressive structures.</p>
    """
  -legends: """
    Road\r\n
    Bridge\r\n
    Compression\r\n
    Tension\r\n
    1780 Iron bridge\r\n
    Steel\r\n
    Concrete\r\n
    Reinforced concrete
    """
  -goals: null
  -more: null
  -scenario: null
  -features: null
  -publishedAt: DateTimeImmutable @1663113600 {#1371
    date: 2022-09-14 00:00:00.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -preventIndexForSearch: false
  #locale: "en"
  #translatable: App\Entity\Media {#1308 …}
  #status: "published"
  #createdAt: DateTime @1646919940 {#1368
    date: 2022-03-10 13:45:40.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  #updatedAt: DateTime @1701032056 {#1370
    date: 2023-11-26 20:54:16.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
}
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